Deuba Returns to Nepal Amid Graft Probe, Shah's Crackdown
Nepal's political landscape continues to shift dramatically in the aftermath of former Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's resignation, an event triggered by the historic Gen Z protests that reshaped the country's leadership. Months later, the ripple effects are still being felt, as former officials face intensifying legal scrutiny and the new administration works to consolidate its anti-corruption mandate.
The return of former Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba this week has reignited public attention on the accountability drive, placing several former leaders squarely in the path of ongoing investigations.
Deuba Returns to a Corruption Probe
Sher Bahadur Deuba landed back in Nepal on August 13, 2026, after spending roughly five months abroad receiving medical treatment. His return was far from a quiet homecoming, as he immediately found himself facing an aggressive corruption investigation tied to his time in office.
Adding to the pressure, an active arrest warrant remains in place for his wife, former Foreign Minister Arzu Rana Deuba. The warrant stems from allegations involving bundles of cash discovered at a property belonging to the couple that was later destroyed by fire, a case that has drawn significant public and media attention.
Oli's Earlier Arrest and Ongoing Scrutiny
Deuba is not the only former leader under the microscope. Former Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli and former Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak were briefly arrested back in March 2026. Both men are being investigated over their alleged roles in directing a fatal police crackdown against demonstrators during the 2025 protest movement.
These parallel investigations into two of Nepal's most prominent political figures underscore how thoroughly the new government intends to pursue accountability for actions taken during the unrest that ultimately led to the previous administration's collapse.
Balendra Shah's Youth-Led Government
Stepping into this charged political environment is Prime Minister Balendra Shah, who came to power through a landslide election victory built almost entirely around promises of anti-corruption reform and systemic political change. His administration represents a generational shift, drawing heavily on the energy and demands of the Gen Z movement that helped bring down the previous government.
Since taking office, Shah's government has continued pushing institutional reforms aimed at rooting out entrenched nepotism and corruption within state structures, positioning the anti-graft campaign as a defining feature of its early mandate.
Backlash From Oli Loyalists
The crackdown has not gone unopposed. Supporters of the CPN-UML Marxist party and loyalists of former PM Oli have organized repeated street protests against the new administration, framing the arrests of former leaders as politically motivated acts of vengeance rather than genuine accountability efforts.
These counter-protests have periodically turned volatile, with tire-burning incidents and clashes between demonstrators and police becoming a recurring feature on the streets of Kathmandu in recent weeks.
Heightened Security for Returning Leaders
Given the charged atmosphere, authorities have maintained tight security cordons at Tribhuvan International Airport to shield returning former officials, including Deuba, from potential hostility by crowds still angered over the events of the past year.
This heightened security reflects the broader tension gripping the country, where public sentiment toward former leaders remains sharply divided between those demanding accountability and those who see the current investigations as excessive or politically driven.

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